teejuht
 

1.	Sissejuhatus
2.	Esimese hooga kasutage Kommertsdrivereid
3.	Heli väljastavad programmid
4.	Free OSS driveri kasutamine
5.	Rippimine: CD -> .wav -> .mp3
6.	Video
7.	PCI audio kaardi (ja ka ISA) vabad driverid - ALSA

 

1. Sissejuhatus

Linux ei pruugi tumm olla. Ma tõesti ei tea soundist suurt, järgnev on enda meelespea rohkem, aga vast on sellest kellegile veidi ka abi! Niisiis, esmärk on heli kaart arvutis slackware korral tööle saada. Minu puhul on tegu konkreetse Yamaha OPL3 - SAx PnP kaardiga.

2. Esimese hooga kasutage nn. kommertsdrivereid

- Niisiis, kompilleerige/omage  kernel, mis ei toeta soundi kuid lubab laabida mooduleid.
- tõmmake alla soft OSS (Open Sound System)'ist: www.opensound.com fail:

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root       765438 Nov 22 10:40 osslinux391i-2036.tar.gz

Kusjuures see fail peab olema kooskõlas teie kerneliga, mina kasutasin 2.0.36 kernelit ja talle vastavat. Edaspidi eeldan samuti, et kasutate seda kernelit ja oskate kernelit põhimõtteliselt kokku panna.

bash# tar ztf /hdb1/uus/osslinux391i-2036.tar.gz
INSTALL
LICENSE
oss-install
oss.pkg
bash#

- pakkige see kuhugi lahti ja installige ära (seal on enamasti vaja vastata jaatavalt:), samas pange tähele milliseid kaardi
parameetreid ta ennustab. Need on abiks hiljem mittekommertsoundi driverite installimiseks!
(Soundi kaardi puhul on kolme sorti asju: IRQ, DMA, IO)

Ja nüüd saab anda käske soundon ja soundoff. Sisuliselt laetakse kernelisse moodulid, vaadake

mina näen midagi sellist:

bash# soundon
Open Sound System is licensed for evaluation purposes only.
bash# lsmod
Module:        #pages:  Used by:
pnp               11            0
uart401            2            0
opl3               4            0
ad1848            11            0
midi               7    [pnp uart401 opl3 ad1848]       0
soundbase        116    [pnp uart401 opl3 ad1848 midi]  0
sndshield          1    [pnp midi soundbase]    0
bash#

Kui kõik õnneks läks, siis peaks teil sound töötama!

vaadake veel:

bash# cat /dev/sndstat
OSS/Linux 3.9.1i (C) 4Front Technologies 1996-1998
License serial number: E00000008
Open Sound System is licensed for evaluation purposes only.
License will expire after: 05/1999
Options: ALL

Kernel: Linux sygis 2.0.35 #1 Mon Nov 23 17:23:04 EST 1998 i586
Build: 2.0.36

Card config:
Generic PnP support
OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388
SoundPort at 0x534 irq 5 drq 0,3
MPU-401 (UART) at 0x330 irq 9

Audio devices:
0: OPL3-SAX Sound Board (CS4231) (DUPLEX)
1: Shadow of audio device #0 (DUPLEX)

Synth devices:
0: Yamaha OPL-3

Midi devices:
0: OPL3-SAX Sound Board

Timers:
0: System clock
1: OPL3-SAX Sound Board (CS4231)

Mixers:
0: OPL3-SAX Sound Board (CS4231)
bash#

ning

bash# cat /proc/dma
 0: OPL3-SAX Sound Board
 3: OPL3-SAX Sound Board
 4: cascade
bash#

bash# cat /proc/ioports
0000-001f : dma1
0020-003f : pic1
0040-005f : timer
0060-006f : keyboard
0080-009f : dma page reg
00a0-00bf : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : npu
0170-0177 : ide1
01f0-01f7 : ide0
0203-0203 : PnP read port
02f8-02ff : serial(auto)
0300-031f : NE2000
0330-0333 : MPU-401 UART
0376-0376 : ide1
0388-038b : OPL3/OPL2
03c0-03df : vga+
03f0-03f5 : floppy
03f6-03f6 : ide0
03f7-03f7 : floppy DIR
03f8-03ff : serial(auto)
0534-0537 : OPL3-SAX Sound Board
f000-f007 : IDE DMA
f008-f00f : IDE DMA
bash#

Katsetage muusika kuulamise programmidega:

3. Heli väljastavad programmid

Neid on ikka õige ohtralt, aga Slackware'ga kohe kaasa neid vist väga ei ole. Siiski, võtke suvaline wav või ra fail ja proovige:

bash# cat lorilaul.wav > /dev/audio

Või lindistage hoopis (muidugi ühendage mikrofin enne külge):

bash#  dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >lorilaul.au
4+0 records in
4+0 records out
bash#

ja kuulake!

Kui ka kvaliteet kehv on on ikkagi teada, et töötab!

Muud Nendega on see halb asi, et nad on vaja netist üles otsida ja ära installida:

x11amp
MP3 kuulamiseks on hea x11amp mida jagatakse, slackware puhul tuleb tõenäoliselt valida nn. glibc5 variant.

nspmod
mod failide kuulamiseks hea

rvplayer
ra, ram, rm failide kuulamiseks, Real Audio Player (ta on ka Netscape plug-in web'i raadio kuulamiseks http://lost.data.ee/WebRadio/)
Ja tarkvara saab www.realaudio.com'ist.

doom
proovige mängu, ehk ka töötab.

4. Free OSS Driver'i kasutamine

No kui siiamaani on kõik käinud vastavalt loetule, siis nagu on kõik kõrras ainult raha maitse on suus :)

Seal www.opensound.com'is on olemas ka nn. free driver:

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root       298475 Nov 23 17:12 ossfree38s9-linux20x.tar.gz

Need on tegelikult uuemad kerneli source osad mida peaks kerneli kompilleerimisel kasutama.

minge kataloogi /usr/src ja võtke seal maha mitteoluline (st. vana kerneli source puu, see on vist enamuses töötava süsteemi seisukohalt tarbetu va. alamkataloog include) ning kopeerige sinna kerneli source ja oss ossfree38s9-linux20x.tar.gz

- Nüüd pakkide lahti kerneli arhiiv
- eemaldage soundi alamkataloog /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound
- pakkige lahti ossfree38s9-linux20x.tar.gz (tulemusena peaks tekkima sound'i alamkataloog)

Ja nüüd kompilleerige kernel nagu tavaliselt kusjuures kompilleerige sound moodulina. Mina tegin sellised valikud:

<M> Sound card support
Old configuration script  (For: SM Wave, PSS & AudioTrix Pro) -->
  [ ] ProAudioSpectrum 16 support
  [ ] 100%% Sound Blaster compatibles (SB16/32/64, ESS, Jazz16) support
  [*] Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support
  [ ] Gravis Ultrasound support
  [ ] MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)
  [ ] PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support
  [ ] 16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)
  [ ] GUS MAX support
  [ ] Microsoft Sound System support
  [ ] Ensoniq SoundScape support
  [ ] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support
  [ ] Support for OPTi MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards
  [*] Support for Crystal CS4232 based (PnP) cards
  [ ] Support for Turtle Beach Wave Front (Maui, Tropez) synthesizers
  [ ] Yamaha OPL3-SA1 audio controller
  [ ] SoftOSS software wave table engine
  [*] FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support
  [ ] Additional low level drivers
 

(534) CS4232 audio I/O base 534, 608, E84 or F44
(5) CS4232 audio IRQ 5, 7, 9, 11, 12 or 15
(0) CS4232 audio DMA 0, 1 or 3
(3) CS4232 second (duplex) DMA 0, 1 or 3
(330) CS4232 MIDI I/O base 330, 370, 3B0 or 3F0
(9) CS4232 MIDI IRQ 5, 7, 9, 11, 12 or 15
[ ] Additional low level drivers

vaadake, et teete valmis ka moodulid ja lilo annate!

Kui süsteem boodib uue kerneliga on juba hea.

Soundi mooduli laadimine

Lihtsalt

bash# modprobe sound

ei anna tulemusi, sest enne mooduli laadimist on iga kord PnP kaart enne, ma ei tea, ütleme avastada (?).
Seda teeb isapnp oma conf faili /etc/isapnp.conf abil.

bash# isapnp   /etc/isapnp.conf
Board 1 has Identity 81 ff ff ff ff 20 00 a8 65:  YMH0020 Serial No 4294967295 [checksum 81]
bash#

Kusjuures ainuke küsimus on koostada too conf fail :)

Minul näeb /etc/isapnp.conf välja selline:

# (DEBUG)
(READPORT 0x0203)
(ISOLATE)
(IDENTIFY *)

# Card 1: (serial identifier 81 ff ff ff ff 20 00 a8 65)
# YMH0020 Serial No -1 [checksum 81]
# Version 1.0, Vendor version 0.0
# ANSI string -->OPL3-SAX Sound Board<--
#
# Logical device id YMH0021
#
# Edit the entries below to uncomment out the configuration required.
# Note that only the first value of any range is given, this may be changed if required
# Don't forget to uncomment the activate (ACT Y) when happy

(CONFIGURE YMH0020/-1 (LD 0

(IO 1 (BASE 0x0530))
(INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E)))
(DMA 0 (CHANNEL 0))
(ACT Y)))
(WAITFORKEY)

Ise tegin! Kuidas?

Kaval ameeriklaste programm pnpdump tegeleb kõigi isa PnP kaartidega ja annab väljundi ekraanile võimalike resursside kohta,

minul sellise:

bash# pnpdump
# $Id: pnpdump.c,v 1.9 1997/06/10 21:37:32 fox Exp $
# This is free software, see the sources for details.
# This software has NO WARRANTY, use at your OWN RISK
#
# For details of this file format, see isapnp.conf(5)
#
# For latest information on isapnp and pnpdump see:
# http://www.roestock.demon.co.uk/isapnptools/
#
# Compiler flags: -DREALTIME -DNEEDSETSCHEDULER
#
# Trying port address 0203
# Board 1 has serial identifier 81 ff ff ff ff 20 00 a8 65

# (DEBUG)
(READPORT 0x0203)
(ISOLATE)
(IDENTIFY *)

# Card 1: (serial identifier 81 ff ff ff ff 20 00 a8 65)
# YMH0020 Serial No -1 [checksum 81]
# Version 1.0, Vendor version 0.0
# ANSI string -->OPL3-SAX Sound Board<--
#
# Logical device id YMH0021
#
# Edit the entries below to uncomment out the configuration required.
# Note that only the first value of any range is given, this may be changed if required
# Don't forget to uncomment the activate (ACT Y) when happy

(CONFIGURE YMH0020/-1 (LD 0

# Multiple choice time, choose one only !

#     Start dependent functions: priority preferred
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0220
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0220
#             IO base alignment 16 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 16
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0220))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0530
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0530
#             IO base alignment 8 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 8
# (IO 1 (BASE 0x0530))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0388
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0388
#             IO base alignment 4 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 4
# (IO 2 (BASE 0x0388))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0330
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0330
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 3 (BASE 0x0330))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0370
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0370
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 4 (BASE 0x0370))
#       IRQ 5.
#             High true, edge sensitive interrupt
# (INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E)))
#       First DMA channel 0.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 0 (CHANNEL 0))
#       Next DMA channel 1.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 1 (CHANNEL 1))

#       Start dependent functions: priority acceptable
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0240
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0240
#             IO base alignment 16 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 16
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0240))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0e80
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0e80
#             IO base alignment 8 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 8
# (IO 1 (BASE 0x0e80))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0388
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0388
#             IO base alignment 8 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 4
# (IO 2 (BASE 0x0388))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0300
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0300
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 3 (BASE 0x0300))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0100
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0ffe
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 4 (BASE 0x0100))
#       IRQ 5, 7, 9, 10 or 11.
#             High true, edge sensitive interrupt
# (INT 0 (IRQ 5 (MODE +E)))
#       First DMA channel 0, 1 or 3.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 0 (CHANNEL 0))
#       Next DMA channel 0, 1 or 3.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 1 (CHANNEL 0))

#       Start dependent functions: priority functional
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0220
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0280
#             IO base alignment 16 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 16
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0220))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0530
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0f48
#             IO base alignment 8 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 8
# (IO 1 (BASE 0x0530))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0388
#             Maximum IO base address 0x03f8
#             IO base alignment 8 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 4
# (IO 2 (BASE 0x0388))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0300
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0334
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 3 (BASE 0x0300))
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0100
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0ffe
#             IO base alignment 2 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 2
# (IO 4 (BASE 0x0100))
#       IRQ 3, 5, 7, 9, 10 or 11.
#             High true, edge sensitive interrupt
# (INT 0 (IRQ 3 (MODE +E)))
#       First DMA channel 0, 1 or 3.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 0 (CHANNEL 0))
#       Next DMA channel 0, 1 or 3.
#             8 bit DMA only
#             Logical device is not a bus master
#             DMA may execute in count by byte mode
#             DMA may not execute in count by word mode
#             DMA channel speed type F
# (DMA 1 (CHANNEL 0))

#     End dependent functions
# (ACT Y)

))
#
# Logical device id YMH0022
#
# Edit the entries below to uncomment out the configuration required.
# Note that only the first value of any range is given, this may be changed if required
# Don't forget to uncomment the activate (ACT Y) when happy

(CONFIGURE YMH0020/-1 (LD 1
#     Compatible device id PNPb02f

# Multiple choice time, choose one only !

#     Start dependent functions: priority preferred
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0201
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0201
#             IO base alignment 1 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 1
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0201))

#       Start dependent functions: priority acceptable
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0202
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0202
#             IO base alignment 1 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 1
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0202))

#       Start dependent functions: priority acceptable
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0203
#             Maximum IO base address 0x0203
#             IO base alignment 1 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 1
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0203))

#       Start dependent functions: priority functional
#       Logical device decodes 16 bit IO address lines
#             Minimum IO base address 0x0204
#             Maximum IO base address 0x020f
#             IO base alignment 1 bytes
#             Number of IO addresses required: 1
# (IO 0 (BASE 0x0204))

#     End dependent functions
# (ACT Y)
))
# End tag... Checksum 0x00 (OK)

# Returns all cards to the "Wait for Key" state
(WAITFORKEY)

Ohoo, kes siiani on lugemisega jõudnud :)

See oli väga pikk aga enamus on välja kommenteeritud. Süntaksit ma ei tunne, kui vaid niipalju, et struktuur on sulgudes!
Ja otsustuse tegemisel on abiks varem, kommertsdriveriga tähele pandud IRQ, DMA ja IO väärtused! (cat /dev/sndstat).

Punasega on need read ja kohad mis ma otsustasin alles jätta (vrd. toodud /etc/isapnp.conf'iga), ilmselt ei valinud ma kõige paremini.

Niisiis, olles seal maal, et

- arvuti on üles booditud uue kerneliga
- /etc/isapnp.conf vastavalt oma vajadustele olemas

on aeg teil anda käsk

bash# isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf

ning seejärel laadida soundi moodul

bash# modprobe sound

vaadake kas ikka läks (lsmod, cat /dev/sndstat jne.)

ja proovige soundi mängida nagu tegite seda kommertsdriveriga muidugi kui te veateateid ei saanud.

Ja mooduli võite ka maha laadida :

bash# rmmod sound

muide, jälgige kuidas linux kohe ka ressursid (so. IRQ, DMA) vabastab.

Ja kui soovite võite laadida hoopis kommertsdrivereid vahepeal:

bash# soundon
bash# soundoff
 

5. Rippimine: CD -> .wav -> .mp3

Järgnev püüab selgitada, ei pigem anda konkreetset nõu kuidas audio CD pealt muusika kätte saada ja see muundada .mp3 failiks.
Selleks on vaja esmali CD drive (so. CD -ROM seadet) ja CD toetavat kernelit, kusjuures CD-ROM peab lubama nn. raw read'i.
Osa CD-ROM'e lubab (nt. Samsung 24 x SCR 2432) ja osa ei luba (nt. Samsung 12 x). Ja muidugi on vaja programme:

- cdparanoia, et mountimata CD pealt info .wav failiks ketta peale saada
- wavplay, tegelikult pole tarvis, kui hea, et kuulata wav'i olemaks kindel, et korralikult ära tuli
- l3enc, selleks, et .wav failist teha vastav .mp3

Need maagilised sõnad wav ja mp3 (mitte Military Police) tähistavad audio esitamise formaate. Kui kõrvaltoas panna arvuti tööle, siis ei tohiks aru saada kas mängitakse mp3 või wav'i. Tavaline 3 minutine pala on wav formaadis ca 35 MB suur aga mp3 'na umbes 3 MB. Nii, et vastavus on .wav'i ja .mp3 vahel midagi sarnast .bmp ja .jpg kanti. Ja põhiline konverteerimise põhjus ongi maht.

Kui teil nimetatud programme ei ole siis on vaja nad Internetist hankida ja ära kompilleerida ja installeerida. Juhul kui tõmbate õiged binary'd pole kompilleerida tarvis.

Edasises eeldame, et soft on olemas.

1. CD -> .wav
 

bash# cdparanoia -Q
cdparanoia III alpha prerelease 9.2 (November 19, 1998)
(C) 1998 Monty <[email protected]>

This is PRERELEASE software!  Report bugs to [email protected]
http://www.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/xiphmont/cdparanoia/index.html
 
 

Table of contents (audio tracks only):
track        length               begin        copy pre ch
===========================================================
  1.    20180 [04:29.05]       32 [00:00.32]    no   no  2
  2.    15428 [03:25.53]    20212 [04:29.37]    no   no  2
  3.    17235 [03:49.60]    35640 [07:55.15]    no   no  2
  4.    13512 [03:00.12]    52875 [11:45.00]    no   no  2
  5.    17293 [03:50.43]    66387 [14:45.12]    no   no  2
  6.    17027 [03:47.02]    83680 [18:35.55]    no   no  2
  7.    14833 [03:17.58]   100707 [22:22.57]    no   no  2
  8.    11130 [02:28.30]   115540 [25:40.40]    no   no  2
  9.    14467 [03:12.67]   126670 [28:08.70]    no   no  2
 10.    12055 [02:40.55]   141137 [31:21.62]    no   no  2
 11.    13725 [03:03.00]   153192 [34:02.42]    no   no  2

bash#
 

Nii näeb ära mis plaadi peal no, nt. võtame ette kuuenda loo:

bash# cdparanoia 8 kaheksas_lugu.wav
cdparanoia III alpha prerelease 9.2 (November 19, 1998)
(C) 1998 Monty <[email protected]>

This is PRERELEASE software!  Report bugs to [email protected]
http://www.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/xiphmont/cdparanoia/index.html
 

Ripping from sector  115540 (track  8 [0:00.00])
          to sector  126669 (track  8 [2:28.29])

outputting to kaheksas_lugu.wav

 (== PROGRESS == [                              | 126669 00 ] == :^D * ==)

Done.
 

bash#

Ja muidugi 'cdparanoia -h' on help.

2. Mittekohustusliku sammuna võiks proovida .wav'i kuulata.

bash# wavplay kaheksas_lugu.wav
Pathname:       kaheksas_lugu.wav
Sampling Rate:  44100 Hz';
Mode:           Stereo
Samples:        6544440;
Bits:           16;

bash#

Aga põhimõtteliselt see pole vajalik. Kui endas kindel olla võite edukalt teha mp3 sid ilma helikaardi ja kerneli soundi toetuseta!

3. .wav -> .mp3

Viimane samm on kõige aeganõudvam (ca pool tundi pala kohta, tõsi sõltub suurest arvutist :)
 
 

bash# l3enc tere.wav 8_mourait.mp3 -br 112000 -crc
 

****  L3ENC V2.61 ISO/MPEG Audio Layer 3 Software Only Encoder   ***
|                                                                  |
|             copyright Fraunhofer-IIS 1994, 1995, 1996            |
|                                                                  |
|         L3DEC/L3ENC is shareware and must be registered          |
|            if used for more than 30 days or if used              |
|              commercially (see licence agreement)                |
|                                                                  |
|               This program is not yet registered                 |
|             If you have already registered and got               |
|            a registration code, you may enter it now             |
|        Do you want to enter your registration code now (Y/N)? N
|                                                                  |
|   For registration information please contact [email protected]   |
input: type WAVE, sample_frequency 44100, channels 2, duration 00:02:28
output: MPEG 1.0, effective_sample_frequency 44100, channels 2, mode JS_MS_ONLY, bitrate 112000
Frame # 5682 / 5682 (100 %)

Thank you for using layer3, bye!

bash#
 
 

Mida need võtmed teevad ma ei tea, aga tuleb noramaalne stereo väljund :)

Ja produkt on ennustatavalt 3 - 4 MB suur ja x11amp sobib selle kuulamiseks. Valmis.

6. Video

Video on ehk järgneva kohta öelda ehk veidi ebatäpne - tegu on programmide kirjeldamisega mis esitavad üheaegselt nii eli kui pilti:

1. mpegtv - mtvp (www.mpegtv.com)

Puuduseks on see, et ei saa teha resize'i. mängib see-eest mpg formaate.

2. xanim (www.xanim.com)

mängib paljusid formaate (sh avi ja tavalisi gif'egi!) aga mitte kõiki mpeg'e.
 

ggg
 

7. PCI kaardi vabad driverid (ja ka ISA) - ALSA
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture


OSS-i või kerneli endaga ühes olevate driveritega mul ei õnnestunud panna tööle Creative Labs'i PCI 64 SoundBlasterit. Küll aga ALSA omadega.

ALSA
Seal on kolm asja vaja ära tõmmata ja kasutusjuhendeid on seal samuti. Idee on selles, et tulemusena tekib hulk kerneli mooduleid ning need laaditakse. NB! kindlasti tõmmake endale ka xamixer. Muidu on kõik vaikne kuigi töötab :)